Ring Forging
Seamless metal rings, of different sizes, are commonly manufactured in modern industry for various applications, such as parts for machine tools, aerospace applications, turbines, pipes and pressure vessels.
Ring forging is a different manufacturing process than ring rolling but the two have similarities. One important similarity is that they are both metal forming operations and will affect the mechanical properties of the ring's material. In the first stage of ring forging, a stock is cut to length, upset, then pierced all the way through to create a hole in the center.
Once the work piece is pierced all the way through, it is ready to be ring forged. The work is placed on a mandrel or saddle. The ring is then formed by the up and down motion of a forging die that hammers the material from above, as the work is incrementally rotated in a series of steps that will forge the ring to its final size.